AP Chemistry Summer Assignment

 

AP CHEMISTRY FIRST DAY TEST

AP Chemistry is a difficult course.  It is not all about memorization; however, having these items memorized is essential for success in learning the concepts covered in the course.  Make flashcards, have your friends and family quiz you, take the lists with you on vacation, or do whatever it takes to get this information firmly planted in your head. Do not wait until the night before school begins. The first day test will cover six areas of memorization:

  1. Polyatomic Ions (including name, symbol, and charge)
  2. Variable Valences for Transition Metals
  3. Rules for Naming Acids
  4. Rules for Naming Ionic Compounds
  5. Solubility Rules
  6. Determining Oxidation Numbers

Rules for Naming and Acid

When the name of the anion ends in –ide, the acid name begins with the prefix hydro-, the stem of the anion has the suffix –ic and it is followed by the word acid.            
             -ide     becomes hydro _____ic Acid
                                Cl-  is the Chloride ion    so   HCl = hydrochloric acid

When the anion name ends in –ite, the acid name is the stem of the anion with the suffix –ous, followed by the word acid.          
            -ite becomes  ______ous Acid
                                ClO2-  is the Chlorite ion  so   HClO2  = Chlorous acid.

When the anion name ends in –ate, the acid name is the stem of the anion with the suffix –ic, followed by the word acid.          
            -ate becomes  ______ic Acid
                                ClO3- is the Chlorate ion  so  HClO3 = Chloric acid.

Rules for Naming Ionic Compounds

  1. Balance Charges (charges should equal zero)
  2. Cation is always written first (in name and in formula)
  3. Change the ending of the anion to -ide

Solubility Rules

  1. All compounds containing alkali metal cations and the ammonium ion are soluble.
  2. All compounds containing NO3-, ClO4-, ClO3-, and C2H3O2- anions are soluble.
  3. All chlorides, bromides, and iodides are soluble except those containing Ag+, Pb2+, or Hg2+.
  4. All sulfates are soluble except those containing HgSO4, PbSO4, SrSO4, CaSO4, or BaSO4.
  5. All hydroxides are insoluble except compounds of the alkali metals, Ca(OH)2,  Sr(OH)2,and Ba(OH)2.
  6. All compounds containing PO43-, S2-, CO32-, and SO32- ions are insoluble except those that also contain alkali metals or NH4+.

Rules for Determining Oxidation Number

Oxidation Number:  A number assigned to an atom in a molecular compound or molecular ion that indicates the general distribution of electrons among the bonded atoms.
 The oxidation number of any uncombined element is O.

  1. The oxidation number of a monatomic ion equal the charge on the ion.   
  2. The more electronegative element in a binary compound is assigned the number equal to the charge it would have if it were an ion.
  3. The oxidation number of fluorine in a compound is always –1
  4. Oxygen has an oxidation number of –2 unless it is combined with F, when it is +2, or it is in a peroxide, when it is –1.
  5. The oxidation state of hydrogen in most of its compounds is +1 unless it combined with a metal, in which case it is –1.
  6. In compounds, the elements of groups 1 and 2 as well as aluminum have oxidation number of +1, +2, and +3, respectively
  7. The sum of the oxidation numbers of all atoms in a neutral compound is O.
  8. The sum of the oxidation number of all atoms in a polyatomic ion equals the charge of the ion.

Variable Valences For Transition Metals

Name

Symbol

Charge

Stock Name

Chromium

Cr

+2

+3

Chromium (II)

Chromium (III)

Manganese

Mn

+2

+3

Manganese (II)

Manganese (III)

Iron

Fe

+2

+3

Iron (II)

Iron (III)

Cobalt

Co

+2

+3

Cobalt (II)

Cobalt (III)

Copper

Cu

+1

+2

Copper (I)

Copper (II)

Lead

Pb

+2

+4

Lead (II)

Lead (IV)

Mercury

Hg

+1

+2

Mercury (I)

Mercury (II)

Tin

Sn

 

 

+2

+4

Tin (II)

Tin (IV)

Gold

Au

+1

+3

Gold (I)

Gold (III)

Silver

Ag

+1

+2(rarely)

Silver

Silver (II)

Bismuth

Bi

+3

+5

Bismuth (III)

Bismuth (V)

Antimony

Sb

+3

+5

Antimony (III)

Antimony (V)

Cadmium

Cd

+2

Cadmium

Zinc

Zn

+2

Zinc

Polyatmic Ions

Name

Symbol

Charge

ammonium

NH4+

+1

acetate

C2H3O2-

-1

bromate

BrO3-

-1

chlorate

ClO3-

-1

chlorite

ClO2-

-1

cyanide

CN-

-1

dihydrogen phosphate

H2PO4-

-1

hypochlorite

ClO-

-1

hydrogencarbonate(bicarbonate)

HCO3-

-1

hydrogen sulfate (bisulfate)

HSO4-

-1

hydrogen sulfite (bisulfite)

HSO3-

-1

hydroxide

OH-

-1

iodate

IO3-

-1

nitrate

NO3-

-1

nitrite

NO2-

-1

perchlorate

ClO4-

-1

permanganate

MnO4-

-1

thiocyanate

SCN-

-1

carbonate

CO32-

-2

chromate

CrO42-

-2

dichromate

Cr2O72-

-2

oxalate

C2O42-

-2

selenate

SeO42-

-2

silicate

SiO32-

-2

sulfate

SO42-

-2

sulfite

SO32-

-2

phosphate

PO43-

-3

phosphite

PO33-

-3

 

 

AP Chemistry End of the First Week Test

 

Using the internet and textbook, you must research the topics in Unit 1—Matter and Measurement and Unit 2—Atoms, Ions, and Nomenclature. The assignments can found through the following link. http://lewispages.com/apchemistry/apchemistrytopics.htm

You must create notes (written or typed) as outlined in the instructions. Answer any problems related to each topic. Study and learn the information as you gather it. These assignments are a review of some basic material you learned at the beginning of your 1st year chemistry course. You will be tested on this material at the end of the first week, August 14, 2009.

 

AP Chemistry Discussion Forum

In addition to the memorization work and the unit assignments, you are required to communicate with me and your classmates through three discussion forums. You will answer questions online and respond to at least two of your classmates’ posts. The deadlines are as follows:

 

#          Date of Discussion Forum                           Deadline for Posts

1          May 25, 2009                                                June 9, 2009

2          June 15, 2009                                               June 29, 2009

3          July 6, 2009                                                   July 20, 2009

 

You can access the syllabus, discussion forum, summer assignment, and unit assignments from the following web page. http://lewispages.com/apchemistry/apchemistrypage.htm

 

 

If this seems like too much work for the summer, please reconsider taking the course.  Advanced Placement Chemistry is a college level course.  You will need to be dedicated and work very hard if you are to be successful. If you have any questions, you can email me at apchem@lewispages.com.

 

AP Chemistry Page